10 Common Hot Tub Problems & How to Fix Them
Hot tubs are a great way to relax and unwind, but they are also complex pieces of equipment that require maintenance and care if they are to be enjoyed for years to come. Using our expertise as hot tub suppliers, Hydropool are taking a look at 10 of the most common hot tub problems and how to fix them. Whether you’re a new hot tub owner or have years of experience, these tips will help keep your spa in top condition.
1. Cloudy Water
Cloudy water is usually one of the top complaints among hot tub owners. There are a number of factors that can cause this, such as issues with water chemistry, insufficient filtration, or contaminants introduced from general use such as oils from the body or dirt.
How Do I Clear Up Cloudy Water in My Hot Tub?
The best way to clear up or avoid cloudy water is to have a regular drainage schedule, at least every 60 days, to ensure your water stays fresh and clear. This will generally clear out all contaminants in your water and is usually the easiest solution to prevent this issue, however, if your hot tub water gets cloudy more regularly then this may be indicative of other issues that require different solutions.
Check Your Water Chemistry
Always check that your water’s pH, alkaline, and sanitiser levels are within the recommended usage for your hot tub. You can either use a strip test or a digital tester for an accurate measurement. The usual recommended levels are:
- pH: Between 7.2 and 7.8
- Alkaline: Between 80 and 120 ppm
- Sanitiser: Check your hot tub manufacturer’s recommendations, although this is typically 3-5 ppm for chlorine and 3-6 ppm for bromine
Clean the Filter or Drain and Refill
A dirty or clogged filter can prevent proper water circulation. Remove the filter and rinse it thoroughly with a garden hose. For a deep clean, soak it in a filter cleaning solution overnight; If the water remains cloudy after trying the above steps it might be time to drain and refill your hot tub. Clean the tub thoroughly before refilling to remove any residual contaminants.
Get more info on how to drain, clean, and refill your hot tub in our comprehensive blog.
Shock the Water
Use a non-chlorine shock or a chlorine shock treatment to oxidise contaminants. Follow the product instructions for the correct dosage based on your hot tub's volume.
Green water in your hot tub can also be a common problem when the above steps are not followed. Check our comprehensive guide on green hot tub water for more info.
2. Heater Not Working
Issues with heating can also be a common problem, and these are likely due to malfunctions in your heater, tripped fuses, thermostat issues, or even simply a clog in your hot tub’s filtration. There are a number of solutions for this, but you will need to test your hot tub to determine the cause. It is particularly important to make sure you understand the exact reason your hot tub’s heater is not working, as this could be down to electrical issues that should be resolved before you continue use of your spa.
How long does it take to heat up a hot tub? Find out more in our blog.
Check Your Power Supply and Heating Element
Your first check should be to turn on your hot tub and inspect your fuse box to make sure it hasn’t tripped. If the fuse box has tripped then flip it back on and see if this resolves the issue. If the fuse trips again then use an ohms (Ω) meter to measure the resistance of your heater element - this should usually be around 9-12 ohms to be safe. If your meter displays ‘infinity’ or continues to rise above 12 then your heating element has blown and you should arrange a replacement before continuing use.
Check Your Thermostat
To test your hot tub thermostat, first ensure safety by turning off the power at the fuse box and verifying no power flows to the hot tub with a non-contact voltage tester, and access the thermostat by removing the control or access panel near the pump and heater. Using a multimeter, check for continuity by placing the probes on the thermostat terminals: if it beeps (continuity) when the water is below the set point, the thermostat is working correctly. Next, set the multimeter to resistance (ohms) and observe if the resistance changes with temperature variations, comparing the readings to your owner's manual specifications. A lack of continuity or no change in resistance suggests a faulty thermostat.
After testing, reconnect any wires, secure the panel, and restore power to the hot tub. Cross-check the thermostat setting by heating the hot tub and measuring the water temperature with a digital thermometer, ensuring it matches the set temperature. Significant changes indicate the need for recalibration or replacement of the thermostat. If you're unsure about any steps or find the thermostat faulty, you should always consult a professional technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
3. Low Water Flow
Low water flow is another issue commonly caused by your hot tub’s filtration system, and can generally be fixed by maintaining a regular filter cleaning schedule. You may also need to replace your filter from time to time, particularly if it hasn’t been cleaned in a while.
Check for blockages in the skimmer basket and pump the strainer for debris, removing any obstructions you may find. Ensure that the pump is working correctly. Listen for unusual noises that might indicate a problem with the pump motor or impeller. If necessary, call a professional to inspect and repair the pump.
Low water flow can also be caused by issues in the hot tub’s airlock. Sometimes air can get trapped in the plumbing, causing low water flow. To remove an air lock turn off the pump, loosen the union on the pump to release the air, and then retighten it before turning the pump back on.
4. Hot Tub Jets Not Working
Hot tub jets that aren’t working properly can be due to air locks, blockages, or issues with the pump. There are a number of checks to make to understand what may be causing issues with your jets.
Check for Air Locks
As mentioned above, air locks can obstruct water flow to the jets. Bleed the air from the system by loosening the union on the pump or opening the air relief valve.
Inspect the Jets
Remove and clean the jets to ensure they aren't clogged with debris or calcium buildup. Soak them in a vinegar solution to dissolve any deposits.
Pump Inspection
Verify that the pump is operating correctly. If the pump isn't providing adequate water pressure, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
Adjust the Diverter Valve
Some hot tubs have a diverter valve that controls the flow of water to different jets. Ensure the valve is in the correct position for the desired jet output.
5. Error Codes on Hot Tub Control Panel
Error codes on a control panel will usually give you a direct indication of which issue you need to fix, and error codes will generally differ between hot tub suppliers. You should always check your hot tub owner’s manual for more information about each code. For the most part, your manual will give you exact instructions on how to clear your error code, but they may also advise you to contact an engineer in the case of certain problems. You can also reset the system, which in some cases will clear your error codes.
6. Hot Tub Cover Issues
Damaged hot tub covers can cause a number of issues such as waterlogging, loss of temperature if you leave your hot tub on at all times, and general cleanliness and clogging when a damaged cover allows debris to enter the hot tub.
Small tears in a hot tub cover can easily be repaired with a vinyl repair kit, and cleaning your hot tub cover regularly will stop the accumulation of dirt, bacteria, or even moss if you have not used your hot tub in a while. It is important to stop your hot tub cover from becoming waterlogged over time by simply lifting the cover to remove excess water when present.
7. Why Does My Hot Tub Smell? - Hot Tub Odour
Hot tub odours can be caused by several factors, including bacteria, chemical imbalances, or even the presence of contaminants such as sweat and body oils. To diagnose the source of the smell:
- Check Water Chemistry: Imbalanced pH and sanitizer levels can lead to unpleasant smells. Use test strips or a digital tester to ensure your water chemistry is within the recommended ranges. Adjust the levels as needed and consider shocking the water if an imbalance is detected.
- Inspect the Filter: A dirty or clogged filter can trap organic matter, which may lead to odours. Remove the filter, clean it thoroughly, and inspect it for any signs of wear and tear. If necessary, replace the filter.
- Examine the Cover and Surrounding Area: Sometimes, odours can originate from the hot tub cover or the area around the hot tub. Ensure the cover is clean and dry, and check for any mould or mildew. Clean the cover and surrounding area to eliminate potential sources of odour.
- Check for Biofilm: Biofilm, a slimy layer of bacteria that can develop on surfaces inside the hot tub, may be causing the smell. To address biofilm, you may need to use a specific biofilm cleaner designed for hot tubs.
How to Eliminate Hot Tub odours
- Regular Maintenance: Maintain a regular cleaning and maintenance schedule to prevent odours. This includes cleaning the filter, checking water chemistry, and inspecting the hot tub cover.
- Shock Treatments: Periodically shock your hot tub with a non-chlorine or chlorine-based shock treatment to eliminate contaminants and bacteria that can cause odours.
- Use a Water Clarifier: Adding a water clarifier to your hot tub can help to remove suspended particles that contribute to unpleasant smells.
- Deep Clean: If odours persist, consider draining and thoroughly cleaning the hot tub. Use a hot tub cleaner to scrub all surfaces and ensure that any build-up is removed before refilling.
8. Pump Not Operating
If your hot tub pump isn't operating, it can cause issues with water circulation and heating. Here’s how to troubleshoot this problem:
Check the Power Supply
Ensure that the pump is receiving power. Inspect the power cable and connections for any visible damage. Check your circuit breaker or fuse box to make sure the fuse hasn’t tripped.
Inspect the Pump Motor
Listen for any unusual noises coming from the pump motor, such as humming or grinding sounds, which could indicate internal damage. If the pump motor is silent, it might be a sign of an electrical issue or a faulty motor.
Look for Blockages
Check for any obstructions in the pump or its intake. Debris such as leaves or small objects can block the flow of water and prevent the pump from operating properly.
Check for Air Locks
As with low water flow, air locks in the pump can impede its operation. Bleed the air from the system by loosening the pump union or opening the air relief valve, then tighten it again and restart the pump.
9. Water Level Fluctuations
Water level fluctuations can be caused by leaks, evaporation, or overflows. Maintaining a stable water level is crucial for the proper operation of your hot tub.
Inspect for Leaks
Look for any signs of leakage around the hot tub, including wet spots on the ground or water pooling underneath the spa. Check the plumbing and connections for any visible signs of leakage.
Monitor Evaporation
Hot tubs are prone to water evaporation, especially in hot or windy conditions. Regularly check and top off the water level as needed.
Check the Overflow
If your hot tub is overfilled, excess water can lead to spills and fluctuations. Ensure the water level is at the recommended level, usually just above the skimmer intake.
10. Water Temperature Fluctuations
Inconsistent water temperature can be frustrating and impact your hot tub experience. Address this issue by troubleshooting the following:
Check the Heater
Ensure that the heater is functioning correctly and that there are no issues with the heating element or thermostat. Refer to the troubleshooting steps for heater issues if you suspect this might be the cause.
Inspect the Temperature Sensor
A faulty temperature sensor can cause inaccurate readings and temperature fluctuations. Test the sensor with a multimeter or consult a professional to determine if it needs replacement.
Ensure Proper Insulation
Poor insulation can lead to heat loss, causing temperature fluctuations. Inspect the hot tub's insulation and ensure it is in good condition. Consider adding additional insulation if necessary.
Verify Control Panel Settings
Check the settings on your hot tub's control panel to ensure that the temperature is set correctly and that no other settings are causing fluctuations.
By following these tips, you should be able to address and resolve common hot tub issues effectively. Regular maintenance and prompt attention to problems will help ensure that your hot tub remains a relaxing retreat for years to come.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
How to use a hot tub control panel
Using a hot tub control panel typically involves the following steps:
- Powering On: Press the power button to turn on the hot tub. The panel will usually light up and display information.
- Setting Temperature: Use the temperature controls to set the desired water temperature. Most hot tubs have a range of 37°C to 40°C (98°F to 104°F).
- Adjusting Jets: Use the jet controls to turn on or adjust the intensity of the jets. Some panels allow you to control different jet zones.
- Activating Lighting and Other Features: If your hot tub has built-in lighting or other features (like a sound system), use the appropriate buttons to activate and adjust them.
- Setting Filtration Cycles: Program the filtration cycle to ensure the water remains clean. This can usually be set to run at specific times or intervals.
- Locking Controls: To prevent accidental changes, some panels have a lock feature that you can activate or deactivate as needed.
- Monitoring: The panel may also display information such as water temperature, filter status, and error messages.
Always refer to your hot tub’s specific user manual for detailed instructions tailored to your model.
How do you use a hot tub for the first time?
Here’s a guide for using a hot tub for the first time:
- Read the Manual: Familiarise yourself with the specific features and instructions of your hot tub by reading the user manual.
- Fill the Hot Tub: Ensure the hot tub is connected to a water source and fill it to the recommended level.
- Check for Leaks: Inspect the hot tub for any leaks or issues before turning it on.
- Turn On the Power: Follow the instructions to power on the hot tub and set the desired temperature. Allow the water to heat up to the desired temperature (this can take several hours).
- Test Water Chemistry: Test and adjust the water chemistry, including pH and sanitizer levels, before use.
- Run the Jets: Turn on the jets to help circulate the water and check for proper operation.
- Enjoy Safely: Enter the hot tub slowly and avoid prolonged stays initially to ensure comfort and avoid overheating. Follow any additional safety guidelines provided in the manual.
Do you leave a hot tub on all the time?
Yes, it is generally advisable to leave a hot tub on all the time for several reasons:
- Consistent Temperature: Keeping the hot tub on maintains a consistent water temperature, ensuring it’s ready to use at any time.
- Energy Efficiency: Modern hot tubs are designed to be energy-efficient and are insulated to retain heat, reducing the cost of maintaining a steady temperature compared to heating the water from cold each time.
- Preventing Wear: Turning a hot tub on and off frequently can put additional strain on the heating and filtration systems.
However, if you plan to not use the hot tub for an extended period, you might choose to turn it off and drain the water.
Should jets be on when heating a hot tub?
You generally do not need to have the jets on while heating the hot tub, but it can be beneficial:
- Circulation: Turning on the jets while heating helps to circulate the water, which can promote more even heating and prevent cold spots.
- Heating Efficiency: Some hot tubs are designed to heat more efficiently when the jets are on because it enhances water flow and helps distribute heat evenly.
If your hot tub has specific recommendations regarding heating and jet usage, it’s best to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for optimal performance.